2nd International conference on Antimicrobial & Antibacterial agents

Human infectious diseases :  Petting zoos transmit Virulent drug-resistant bacteria to visitors Petting zoos are a popular attraction around the world, allowing direct and indirect exposure of both children and adults to a diverse range of animal species. They are different from regular zoos because rather than visitors just looking at the animals, petting zoos are interactive with children visiting, holding and petting the animals. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae (AmpC-E), which are resistant to a number of commonly used antibiotics, have become a matter of great concern in both human and veterinary medicine, so understanding the likelihood of them colonizing the animals is critical to evaluating the risk that may be posed to visitors. The researchers did a survey across randomly chosen petting zoos geographically distributed throughout the world, taking samples of faecal matter as well as from the body surface (skin, fur, or feat

Antimicrobial Drug : Drug-Resistance in Farm Animals Threatens Human Health https://antimicrobial.vaccineconferences.com/speaker-guidelines.php In high-economic countries, where antimicrobial  have been used on farms since the 1950s, should support the transition to sustainable animal production in low & middle income countries for e.g. through a global fund to subsidize improvements in farm-level bio-safety  and bio-security , the authors advocate in the study. The Netherlands and Denmark have made a tremendous effort to reduce antimicrobial use. But these required investments in clean infrastructure and training of farmers to follow good farming practices and practicing good hygiene on the farm can reduce drug resistance in farm animals. A survey report has been done from 2000 and 2018 focusing specifically on common food-borne  pathogens, including  Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., non-typhoidal Salmonella,  and  Staphylococcus aureus. Trends and maps develope

Viral Oncology :  The Bacterial Protein promoting Cancer DNA K, a protein of the bacterium mycoplasma, interferes with the mycoplasma-infected cell's ability to respond to and repair DNA damage, a known origin of cancer.  Little or no mycoplasma DnaK DNA sequences were found associated with the tumor, which was fully developed, suggesting a hit-and-run or hide mechanism of transformation, indicating that the damage is done early, but the protein may not be needed once the cancer cells are formed.                   Mycoplasmas are a family of bacteria that are associated with cancers, especially in people with HIV. Researchers utilized immune-compromised mice as a model for analyzing the effect of mycoplasma infection on the development of lymphoma. They compared how quickly non-infected immune-compromised mice developed lymphoma compared to mycoplasma-infected immune-compromised mice. The mice were infected with a strain of mycoplasma from an HIV patient. The researche

Viral Oncology : Stealth virus for cancer therapy Scientists have redesigned an adenovirus for use in cancer therapy. They have developed a new protein shield that hides the virus and protects it from being eliminated. Adapters on the surface of the virus enable the reconstructed virus to specifically infect tumour cells.               Viruses have their own genetic material which can infect human cells in a very specific manner. They will then reproduce as directed by their own genes but using the resources of the host cell. These properties proofs that they can fight with hereditary diseases or cancer. There are uncountable different viruses, but the human adenovirus 5, which normally causes the symptoms of a typical cold, has substantial advantages. Without any of the viral genes left, the virus cannot replicate and trigger diseases . In addition, the genome of the adenovirus is very large and does not assimilate into human chromosomes. Adapter molecules dock the viru

Antimicrobial Drugs : Odilorhabdins Odilorhabdins , or ODLs, a new class of antibiotics which disrupts protein synthesis are produced by symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus Nematophilia , found in soil-dwelling nematode worms that colonize insects for food. The bacteria Xenorhabdus Nematophilia actually helps to kill the insect and, importantly, secrete the antibiotic to keep competating the other bacteria away. Till now, these nematode-associated bacteria and the antibiotics they make have been largely understudied. To identify the antibiotic property present in the xenorhabdus bacteria, researchers screened 80 cultured strains of the bacteria & isolated the active compounds showing properties of antibiotics, studied their chemical structures and engineered more potent derivatives. ODLs mainly act on the ribosome, which is the molecular machine of individual cells that makes the proteins it needs to function of bacterial cells. Like many clinically useful antibiotics, ODL

Biofuels & Petroleum Microbiology : Can Microorganisms Be A Solution To The World's Energy Problems? Microorganisms once had an empire on the Earth, thriving by filling every nook and cranny of the environment billions of years before humans first arrived on the scene. The ability of microorganisms to grow from any infinite variety of food sources, rocks, soil, inside roots, compost piles & toxic waste etc. may play a significant role in bailing out our society from the current energy crisis. The Bio design researchers have outlined the paths, where bacteria are the best hope in producing renewable energy in large quantities without damaging the environment or competing with our food supply. Two distinct, but complementary uses of bacteria, which is a current major challenging research area, are: (1)The first use of the microbes is to convert biomass to useful energy. Different microorganisms can grow without oxygen to take this abundant organic matter and

Vaccines & Vaccinology : Novel Nano vaccine for Melanoma Researchers have developed a novel Nano-vaccine for melanoma, the most aggressive type of skin cancer that begins in melanocytes. Their experiments have proven effective in preventing the development of melanoma and in treating primary tumours and metastases that result from melanoma. The focus of the research was on a nanoparticle that serves as the basis for the new vaccine. Melanoma develops in the skin cells, which is called the melanocytes, produce melanin or skin pigment. The fight against skin cancer/melanoma is becoming advanced over the years through a variety of treatment modalities & experiments, such as immunotherapy, radiation therapy & chemotherapy , but the vaccine approach, which has a great effect against various viral diseases, has not materialized yet against cancer. Scientists have shown that it is possible to produce an effective Nano-vaccine against melanoma/skin cancer and to sensitize

Microbial Virulence : Key roles in shaping the child's skin microbiome.. The maturation of skin microbial communities during childhood is important for the skin of the children and development of the immune system into adulthood, but only a few studies have analyzed the presence of microbiota in young children. Recently investigators in China found that bacterial genera in children were more similar to those of their own mothers than to those of unrelated women. They suggest that the mode of delivery at birth could be an important factor in shaping the child's microbiome. To date, research into the maternal influence on her child's skin microbiome has been mostly limited to a narrow postpartum window in children younger than one year old and fewer studies have explored the maternal relationship with the child's microflora after infancy explained by chinese investigators. Therefore, we expanded the scope of our analysis to include sampling from different bod

A new antimicrobial-resistance gene, VCC-1, a ß-lactamase gene, has been discovered in benign close relatives of virulent Vibrio cholerae, which causes cholera. Now, researchers have found a way to block the VCC-1 enzyme, which disables that resistance gene. The research is published in the journal Antimicrobial agents & chemotherapy . VCC-1 was first found in Canada, by investigators from the Public Health Agency of Canada, on frozen shrimp that had been imported from India, and sold in a Canadian grocery store. A handful of other ß-lactamase resistance genes have also emerged from India. ß-lactamase genes code for enzymes that can break down ß-lactams, which are a critically important class of antimicrobials . The researchers identified the gene in a non-toxigenic strain of Vibrio cholerae. Since then, VCC-1 has also been found in non-toxigenic V. cholerae off of the German coastline. The danger is that it's a short jump for a gene from non-toxigenic V. cholerae to

The timing of a hurricane is one of the common primary factors influencing its impact on the spread of mosquito-borne infectious diseases such as West Nile Virus, dengue, chikungunya and Zika etc. Researchers from Georgia State and Arizona State University developed a mathematical model to study the impact of heavy rainfall events (HREs) such as hurricanes on the transmission of vector-borne infectious diseases in temperate areas of the world, including the southern coastal U.S. In the impact of this type of extreme weather event, the mosquito population often booms in the presence of stagnant water. At the same time, the breakdown of public and private health infrastructure can set people at increased risk of infection. The study, which was published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, found that the risk of a disease outbreak is highest if the HRE occurs early in the transmission season, or the period of time when mosquitoes are able to pass on the virus to

To conflict the rise of drug-resistant bacteria , researchers are developing how one superbug bacteria adapts to fight with an antibiotic of last resort, hoping to find clues that can lengthen the drug's effectiveness. Researchers at Rice University and the University Of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston ran experiments to track the biochemical changes that vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) underwent as they adapted to fight another antibiotic, daptomycin. "We need to get to a platform where we can anticipate how these pathogens will become resistant to antibiotics so we can stay one step ahead of them," said Rice biochemist Youssef Shampoo, co-author of a study in the journal Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy that found VRE can develop resistance to daptomycin in more than one way. The stakes are high. In 2014, the World Health Organization reported that antibiotic-resistant infections were on pace to kill 10 million people per year worl

              When it comes to the immune system, we usually think about lymphocytes B and T cells or macrophages going on constant seek-and-destroy missions against invading pathogens like bacteria and viruses. But our immune system actually includes a lesser-known and less-studied first line of defence referred to as "innate immunity ." One of the main weapons of innate immunity is a family of small peptides, collectively known as " antimicrobial peptides" or AMPs for short. AMPs are produced by the host's (e.g. the human's) cells and combat invading microorganisms by breaking apart their cell membranes or by disrupting their functions. Despite of their importance, we know very little about AMPs. Some in vitro studies have shown that they can kill bacteria and fungi, but scientists have been hard pressed to study them in living organisms. One of the reasons is that there are simply too many factors involved in innate immunity, so isolating

                     ME Conferences invites all the participants from all over the world to attend ‘ ANTIMICROBIAL CONGRESS 2019 ’ which includes prompt Keynote Presentations, Special Sessions, Workshops, Symposiums, Oral talks, Poster Presentations, and Exhibitions. An antimicrobial is an operator who kills the microorganisms or suppresses their development. They are classified according to their mode of action on the particular microorganism. Depending upon the range of bacterial species helpless to these specialists antibacterial is classified as a wide range, intermediate-spectrum, or narrow- range. Non–pharmaceuticals antimicrobial gives a wide range of chemical and common compounds utilized as antimicrobials. The Immunology of have defence peptides gives assorted activities of HDPs. The utilize and misuse of antimicrobial drugs quickens the rise of drug-resistant strains. Post-antibiotic period alludes to a time when a number of irresistible illnesses will be inert to a